Abstract Background Antirrhinum (snapdragon) species are models for genetic and evolutionary research but recalcitrant to genetic transformation. limiting use of transgenic methods for functional genomics. Transient gene expression from viral vectors and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offer transformation-free alternatives. Here we investigate the utility of Tobacco rattle virus ... https://cosmeticssquadets.shop/product-category/hair-colour-remover/