ABSTRACT The fitness cost of an antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) can differ across host strains. creating refuges that allow the maintenance of an ARG in the absence of direct selection for its resistance phenotype. Despite the importance of such ARG-host interactions for predicting ARG dynamics. the basis of ARG fitness costs and their variability between hosts are not well understood. https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/poweroll-cool-muscle/